The Power of Goal Setting Essay - 575 Words

The Power of Goal Setting Too many of us treat goal setting the same way. We dream about what we want to do, but we dont have a plan to carry out that dream. A mapped out goal is superior to a dream. You must have a plan. Dreams are merely thoughts or ideas, but, we need more than to simply scribble down some ideas on a piece of paper. Our goals need to be concise and focused. We must set both long-term and short-term goals, so for each short-term goal accomplished the long-term goals will seem easier to attain. As an example, a short-term goal for student of the University could be to accomplish each weekly assignment on time and to achieve significant working relationships with our other classmates. Short-term goals can easily be†¦show more content†¦These goals should present a picture to where you see yourself in the future. Either climbing up the ladder in your present occupation or moving onto something you have dreamed about all of your life. It has always been said, If you are doing something you love, its not work. There are several key elements to goal setting. 1. Make sure you are working for something you really want to achieve, and your goals should be consistent with your values. 2. A goal should not contradict any of your other goals. 3. To help focus energy toward attaining goals make sure they are written down. a. Make an A-list: Tasks that will get done before going to bed. b. Make a B-list: Menial tasks that you would like to get finished, but can be put off until later. c. Make a C-list: When these tasks get done, pigs will fly. Just to keep things fun, make a list that will be impossible to accomplish. Or you can make it a challenge list, which would amaze yourself, if you actually found the time to get it done. 4. Write your goals out in complete detail and visualize meeting this goal. 5. Make sure your goal is set high. You may start out small and build up more challenging goals to get comfortable with the process. Remember, short-term to long- term goals require baby steps. Review these goals daily, check off eachShow MoreRelatedDiversity Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagescase it could not be satisfied by the individual. 2.  Goal setting is a powerful tool that managers can use to direct employee behavior. However under what conditions can goal setting lead to undesirable employee outcomes? Goal setting is a powerful tool, because it appears that when people sets themselves a goal, the will act in a manner that will allow them to fulfill this goal. Their behavior will be lead toward the fulfilling of this goal. According to Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, and Konopaske  :Read MoreVision and Goal Setting Essay533 Words   |  3 Pagesan organization to the full potential requires goal setting and a common vision among leaders from all departments across the board. 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For example, a transactional leader would be focused on employeeRead MoreEssay about Starbucks Organizational Commitment1101 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizational structure (Robbins amp; Judge, 2011). Starbucks leaders are constantly trained and evaluated on the characteristics of a transformational leader and the overall influence that they have in inspiring their employees to achieve the company’s goals. The continuance of surveys to ensure that the organizational culture remains positive in connection with the open communication is an affirmation of the leadership of Starbucks (â€Å"Starbucks.com†, 2011). Schultz has a great vision and with the continuedRead More1984: From Socialism to Dystopia1224 Words   |  5 PagesParty’s only goal is power (Orwell 36). The only motivation behind its every action is to maintain the absolute power they hold. Orwell uses multiple literary devices to prove the severity of the consequences of such actions to reveal this system’s flaws. The conclusion can then be drawn that The Party’s singular goal of ultimate power leads to dystopian life for the people, which contradicts the basic foundation of the socialist movement that the Party was based upon. Orwell uses the setting to expressRead MoreThe Southwest Way: Leadership, Power, Motivation Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe Southwest Way: Leadership, Power, and Motivation When Herb Kelleher and Rollin King founded Southwest Airlines in 1971, their mission stated the â€Å"dedication of the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and company spirit† (Smith, 2012). With that mission in mind, Herb Keller and Rollin King managed to make Southwest the only profitable airline in the United States (Smith, 2012). Southwest’s mission is not the only reason why theRead MoreThe Business World, The Outside Environment Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesknow when to make these changes. Strategies such as goal setting and job enrichment are ways to stay up to date with the always ­changing outside world. This is what was recommended for the Health Information Services (HIS) departments. How Are the Principles of Goal Setting Applied In this Case? While going over this case study, I have looked at goal setting from two different perspectives: The main and original goal of the HIS department, and the goal of re ­engineering, restructuring, work redesign

The Three Fronts Of Contemporary Psychology - 946 Words

The three fronts of contemporary psychology are behavioristic, humanistic and psychoanalytic. Behaviorism was labeled the primary front of psychology, and was a belief that behaviors can be measured, trained or changed. This is similar to how one person acts, compared to another person. A person’s belief may display how he or she will react towards a particular situation. This view was based on the proposition that behavior can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner mental states. Its main influences were Ivan Pavlov, who investigated classical conditioning, John B. Watson who rejected introspective methods and sought to restrict psychology to experimental laboratory methods. B.F. Skinner, sought to give ethical grounding to behaviorism, relating it to pragmatism. Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior which is behavior can be objectively and scientifically measured, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion. Behaviorists also believed that there is little difference between the learning that takes place in humans and that in other animals. Therefore, research could be carried out on animals as well as humans. Humanism is an approach in psychology that studies the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual. It is based upon the concept that humans can overcome desperate, life-threatening situations. The cornerstone of humanistic thinking is a view of human motivation that is optimistic, up-lifting and redeeming.Show MoreRelatedDr. Franz Anton Mesmer s Theory Of Magnetism Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigned to modify behavior for both short and long term periods of time. (Cardena, 2014) For example, chronic smokers often seek hypnosis in order to discard their unhealthy habit. In order to fully understand how it developed, its process, and its contemporary use, one must reference its somewhat accidental birth in 1770 by Dr. Franz Anton Mesmer. 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The Gods Must Be Crazy Film Free Essays

The funny film showed that the contrasting worlds of the civilized area and the primitive yet calm society of the bushmen manifest an also contrasting example of worlds in terms of the equation I = P x A x T, an equation formulated to describe the impact of human activity on the environment. [where Human Impact (I) on the environment equals the product of population (P), affluence (A: consumption per capita) and technology (T: environmental impact per unit of consumption)]. In the primitive population of the Bushmen, it would be believed and manifested in the film that their human impact on the environment of the Kalahari Desert is apparently less than that of the civilized world found on the city since the living Bushmen are not too many in number, they are just about twenty or so. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gods Must Be Crazy Film or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being primitive, they also had a very low level of technology. They are just using soft raw materials provided by their environment, thus, they cannot produce more products, putting their affluence also on a low level. In the civilized world somewhere in South Africa, the city, which is densely populated by busy civilized individuals (since the rise of the industrial societies equates to an exponentially increasing human population), greatly developed their technology which in return enormously aid in developing their affluence, has indeed a greater human impact on the environment of the area they are residing in South Africa relative to the primitive population of the bushmen living in the Kalahari Desert, as seen with the tall buildings, long roadways and road bridges and other landscapes that could attest to this great impact. How to cite The Gods Must Be Crazy Film, Papers

Sanskrit drama Essay Example For Students

Sanskrit drama Essay On a basic level of meaning the song just implies the movement of bees around the crest of the sirisa flower which are worn by women. Nati gives an erotic note to this where the bee represents a passionate lover kissing his beloved.  Structure of Sanskrit drama is identified in five stages, called Avasthas or states of mind in plot movement. The five Avasthas are â€Å"Aarambh or the beginning, Yatna or the effort (to bring out the rasa), Prapthyasha or the prospect, Niyatapti or the removal of obstacles, Phalagam which refers to obtaining the desired result† (Sanskrit drama – introduction). In Sakuntalam the linearity of this structure can be traced. Aarambh or the beginning is the Nandi or the invocation and the subsequent prologue, Yatna is to be seen at the point where Dusyanta and Sakuntala falls in love and their romance intertwined in the sentiments of sringara, both vipralambha and samyoga, Prapthyasha could consist of the events beginning from Sakuntala’s separation from Dusyanta, including the curse of Durvasav until Niyapati which comprises the straightening out of all the conflicts faced by the hero and the heroine. Finally Phalagam is the happy ending of the play which is the possible reunion of the major characters. The microcosmic world created by the dramatist includes the semi dramatic world- Purvaranga, comprises the music, performance, dance followed by the Nandi and Prastavana and the completely dramatic world i.e.; the play proper. There is thus a transition of the audience from the world of everyday reality to a dramatic world of the play proper. This is accomplished with the introduction of music and dance, the invocation or Nandi and the hinting within the Nandi through the speeches of the sutradhara and other minor characters. The play proper is meta-drama with reference to the prastavana or prologue. The concept of meta –drama or play within a play gives rise to the idea of the multiple roles of the sutradhara. In Sakuntalam, the sutradhara is the stage director as well as the creator and he holds the thread of the play and the action by doubling his identity as the director and the hero. In Sakuntalam, Dusyanta is the alter ego of the Sutradhara. Dusyanta, a king of the lunar race, happens to see sakuntala in the course of his hunting expedition and falls in love with her at first sight itself. This leads to their marriage according to the gandhrava rites. The story then proceeds to Dushyanta’s life as a king oblivious of the existence of his son. Sakuntala, who is cursed by sage durvasa, goes to the king but Dusyanta is unable to recognize her. Later however, the king remembers everything at the sight of the signet ring that he had given her. The play ends on a happy note of a possible reunion of the hero and the heroine. Kalidasa has however made a few additions to the story of sakuntala in the Mahabharata. The simple and quite unromantic account in the Mahabharata, is transformed thus. In the Mahabharata, sakuntala herself narrates the history of her birth to the king and their marriage is not a problem to them. Kalidasa created two characters, Anasuya and Priyamvada to make this entire situation more romantic and charming. The innocent and simple life of sakuntala and her maidens and the frankness of their minds are presented at the very beginning of the play proper to enhance the beauty of the play. Another deviation from the original is that sakuntala agrees to marry Dusyanta in the gandharva form of marriage on the condition that the son born to them should be recognized as the heir to his throne. Yet kalidasa with his imaginative genius weaves a tale so beautiful that the original is almost forgotten. â€Å"The curse of the sage Durvasas, the loss of the ring in the tirtha, and the consequent forgetfulness of the king are all a result of kalidasa’s creative excellence.† (Kale 47) The last two acts are purely original though. .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 , .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .postImageUrl , .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 , .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713:hover , .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713:visited , .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713:active { border:0!important; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713:active , .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713 .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u65e56c55b5d61f0c757ba20a88915713:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Flowers For Algernon EssayApart from the deviations and the structural implications like the Nandi and the prasthavana, other features of Sanskrit drama are clearly exemplified in Sakuntalam. Temporary union, separation and reunion are typical of Sanskrit plays. The first three acts of Sakuntalam could be associated with temporary union. The hunting expedition, the invitation of the hermits to Dusyanta for keeping guard in the hermitage for a few days and the love followed by the consummation of it are the three events in â€Å"ascending† order found in the first three acts. (Kale 50) Then the descent begins. The separation of the lovers and the consequent curse and loss of memory constitutes the misery of the characters. The curse of Durvasas which becomes the main reason for the separation happens in the fourth act. It develops throughout the fifth and the sixth act where there is a culmination of the pain in separation. This end when the story reaches a high point in the seventh act, where Dusyanta goes up to heaven to regain sakuntala. According to M.R Kale, Sakuntalam does not appear to have been written with the strictest attention to all canons of Sanskrit dramaturgy; only the main lines as laid down by Bharata and other old writers, have been followed. There is the benediction (Nandi) and the Bharatavakya as in the other plays. At the end of the prelude, Dusyanta who is a hero of the Dhirodatta class begins the play. Their union in marriage is the focus and the whole plot is to be rallied towards achieving this goal. On a general note, Sakuntalam is said to be the most widely read work of Kalidasa, like Raghuvamsa. It is a love drama belonging to the class of Rupakas which is known as ‘Nataka’. It is said to be highly elegant in language and style and consists of beautiful similes and comparisons. â€Å"The metres are fairly shorter and musical.† ( Kale 53) The solid proof of the plays superior nature in its language and story is the very fact that it has been translated into various languages across the globe invariable of the limitations it might face in terms of tradition and culture reflected in the plot. The play however is indicative of the various conventions of Sanskrit drama and the structure of Sanskrit drama is more or less followed showing justice to the story in Vyasa Mahabharata. Bibliography Primary source –  Ed.by. B. Stoler Miller. Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection. Kalidasa.  Secondary source   Thapar. Romila. Sakuntala Texts, Readings, Histories.Columbia University Press.New Delhi, 1999. Print.  M. R. Kale. The Abhinjanasakuntalam of Kalidasa.Motilal Banarsidass.Delhi.1969.Print.

Inclusion Benefits

Introduction How would it have felt to be isolated from your peers, brothers, and sisters everyday when you were a child? I do not know your answer but I am sure good would not be it. Inclusion involves having the support services brought to the children with disability in the ordinary classrooms, not relegating them into special classes away from the normal children.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inclusion: Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a practice that is gaining momentum in recent times thus begging the question, â€Å"What is making inclusion to be more popular than having special education for the disabled children?† This essay tackles this question, showing the benefits of having an inclusion system as opposed to the special schools for disabled children. Inclusion: What is it? Inclusion in education refers to the process of incorporating children with various disabilities in normal educational classes. Normally, inclusion falls into two categories, either full inclusion or partial inclusion. Partial inclusion involves having the disabled children in a regular class at sometimes and in a special class at other times. On the other hand, full inclusion is having the disabled children in the regular class always. Both forms of inclusion have benefits, which lie into two broad aspects, those for the students with disabilities and those for typical students. It is also important to note that integration is not inclusion; the former mainly involves the physical presence of the disabled child while the latter involves this child being involved in what other members of the class do. Benefits of Inclusion to students with disability One major benefit that a student with disability gains from being in an inclusive classroom is social growth. In a research, disabled children in typical classes developed better social skills and spent most of their time in the f ield or doing other communal activities as opposed to those in special classes who spent a lot of time in the classes (Katz Mirenda, 2002, p. 15). The argument that they cannot integrate with others due to their disabilities does not hold much water, neither does the assumption that they risk ridicule from the normal students and so develop antisocial tendencies. The integration with typical children is especially more fruitful in cases where the children are introduced to inclusion at an early age. Inclusion at this early age should therefore be encouraged as it helps both sets of children to learn to live with one another encouraging the disabled ones to be more social. Another positive impact that inclusion has on the disabled participants is the boosting of their self-esteem. Children with special needs tend to be very sensitive especially in matters of learning and education (Reid, 2005, p.42).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Activities in an inclusive class such as circle time create room for all the participants to be appreciated by their colleagues since they encourage mutual understanding. In a special class, a disabled student’s peers may not necessarily recognize his or her effort in such activity and so he or she does not get the appreciation that accompanies such plays. Responses from their peers may increase the chance of disabled children to develop self-concept. Further, the concept of self-esteem even in normal children is dependent on the reaction of other people to what they do which translates to the way they form an opinion about themselves. Boosting disabled children’s self-esteem is important for then they acquire social and emotional independence, which enables the society to reap from the special talents that they possess. Inclusion promotes the growth of engaged behavior among the students with disability. Accord ing to Katz and Mirenda, several studies indicate that students with developmental disabilities show a higher level of engagement when learning in an inclusive classroom as opposed to learning in a special class for the disabled (2002, p. 17). This is explained by the observation that when inclusive classes were left without an educator, the members with disability tended to be less alone as they were found with at least one other student (Katz Mirenda, 2002, p. 17). This scenario is plausible given the fact that proximity goes hand in hand with engagement. In addition, another dimension of this argument is that since the most basic way of learning is through sight, the disabled students get to learn on interaction through their peers who are not disabled. Furthermore, there is a great expectation for them to behave in a manner similar to the typical students, which fosters their learning process of living a normal life. According to Katz Mirenda, the opportunity for disabled stud ents to interact with their counterparts without disabilities also produced academic benefits (2002, p. 14). Students with disabilities can acquire the basic communication and common motor skills from their peers without disability through cues, consequences and prompts they are given.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inclusion: Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the idea of expectation replays itself; that is, through the silent expectations from normal children, students with disabilities feel compelled to achieve their own goals of acquiring motor skills as well as communication skills. Benefits of Inclusion to students without disability Inclusion is like a double-edged sword; it benefits both the disabled and the typical students. Surprisingly, it helps the typical students in included classes to improve their social life and future interactions. The key element here is; typical stu dents get to appreciate other people more, through their interaction with the disabled students. Their sensitivity to the needs of others is enhanced through their experiences in class. In return, this experience sets typical students to become leaders later in life, for understanding and appreciating others no matter their status underscores the basic principle of a good leader. Further, including normal students helps them to be more understanding and supportive of the initiatives of other people, an element that might lack in typical students learning exclusively away from their disabled counterparts. A possible counter argument may be that the disabled children have a negative impact on the normal ones. Well, the argument is shallow as experience shows that odd behaviors from the disabled children actually diminish gradually in an inclusive class and do not rub onto the other children. It is important for the society to encourage cooperation between children of various abilities ; for through this, the society can truly achieve a generation, which upholds tolerance within the societal constructs. Interestingly, studies carried out to investigate the impact of inclusion on able students revealed another interesting observation. They found that â€Å"the presence of students with severe disabilities, even those with challenging behaviors, did not negatively impact the amount of engaged time for typical learners† (Katz Mirenda, 2002, p. 18). Typical students in an inclusive classroom have the duty of giving prompts and facilitating motor and communication skills among the disabled students.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, it seems has the positive impact on their engagement and hence fosters their academic performance. Contrary to most people’s expectation that disturbances especially from students showing a high level of disability (e.g. shouting in class) would result in a performance drop of the typical students, research proves otherwise. The way forward I hold the view that inclusion is the best option in the education system for students with special demands as long as its implementation follows succinct laid down structures without overlooking the loopholes that come with the whole process. For a successful implementation of the entire process, proper training of the teachers who are to teach in the inclusive classes and provision of supportive devices for the disabled students is paramount. For a teacher in a typical class, it is not good news to change over to an inclusive one. Therefore, collaboration must take place where the two teachers participate in teaching. In the end, e ven the typical class teacher will appreciate and embrace the disabled children. According to Lombardi, inclusion also means provision of specialized services and education outside the normal classroom for a limited period (1999, p. 10). This means that inclusion does not cut cost on the education of those with special needs. The educators therefore have to be prepared to handle any eventualities and embrace chance because change is inevitable if inclusion will be realizable. Conclusion Inclusion is not a revolutionary idea; it should be implemented gradually and properly so that its benefits may be realized. It may present a challenge in its implementation at first, but it benefits everybody in the end. The disabled children gain more confidence, exposure and engagement skills. On the other hand, the typical students learn the art of tolerating others and improve their interpersonal skills, which are important later in life. Even though the inclusion process might prove hard to imp lement, it is a cause worth pursuing for the good of. Reference List Katz, J., Mirenda, P. (2002). Including Students with Developmental Disabilities in General Education Classrooms: Educational Benefits. International Journal of Special Education, 17(2), 14-24. Lombardi, P. (1999). Inclusion: Policy and Practice. Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. Reid, G. (2005). Learning Styles and Inclusion. London: Paul Chapman publishing. This research paper on Inclusion: Benefits was written and submitted by user Kayleigh Larsen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Latin Plural Endings

Latin Plural Endings Latin Plural Endings Latin Plural Endings By Mark Nichol Pluralization of Latin-based nouns is a complicated field. Preference for Latin or English plural endings is inconsistent in similarly constructed words, as is the presence of alternative forms at all. Here’s a guide to plural forms for Latin words, identifying, for more than a hundred nouns of Latin origin and a few similarly constructed terms from other languages, which ending among two or three alternatives is preferred for particular words or in which contexts various alternative forms are employed. When two or more alternatives are listed, the first is the more (or most) common. Words ending in a, plural -s or -ae alga: algae or algas antenna: antennas or antennae (only antennae is correct for the sensory organs on animals; antennas in more common in other contexts) formula: formulas or formulae larva: larvae or larvas nebula: nebulae or nebulas: the former ending is employed in astronomy, and the latter applies in medical contexts vertebra: vertebrae or vertebras (vertebrae is sometimes incorrectly used to refer to a single vertebra) Words ending in ex, plural -exes or -ices apex: apexes or apices index: indexes or indices vortex: vortices or vortexes Words ending in eau, plural -eaus or -eaux bureau: bureaus or bureaux (the latter form is rare for this word and the other two in this category) chà ¢teau: chà ¢teaus or chà ¢teaux plateau: plateaus or plateaux Words ending in ion, plural -ia criterion: criteria ganglion: ganglia or ganglions Words ending in is, plural -es analysis: analyses axis: axes basis: bases crisis: crises diagnosis: diagnoses ellipsis: ellipses hypothesis: hypotheses oasis: oases paralysis: paralyses parenthesis: parentheses synopsis: synopses synthesis: syntheses thesis: theses Words ending in ix appendix: appendixes or appendices matrix: matrices or matrixes Words ending in o, plural -os or -i graffito: graffiti (the plural form is almost invariable used in place of the singular form) libretto: librettos or libretti virtuoso: virtuosos or virtuosi Words ending in o, plural -os or -oes armadillo: armadillos avocado: avocados or avocadoes banjo: banjos or banjoes bistro: bistros calypso: calypsos or calypsoes (the former spelling pertains to either the flower or the music style, and the latter form applies only to the music form) cargo: cargoes or cargos casino: casinos contralto: contraltos dingo: dingoes domino: dominoes or dominos dynamo: dynamos echo: echoes or echos ego: egos embargo: embargoes flamingo: flamingos or flamingoes folio: folios grotto: grottoes or grottos hero: heroes hippo: hippos innuendo: innuendos or innuendoes lasso: lassos or lassoes mango: mangoes or mangos motto: mottoes paparazzo: paparazzi pistachio: pistachios portfolio: portfolios potato: potatoes radio: radios ratio: ratios rhino: rhinos or rhino stiletto: stilettos or stilettoes studio: studios tornado: tornadoes or tornados torpedo: torpedoes veto: vetoes volcano: volcanoes or volcanos weirdo: weirdos Words ending in oo, plural -oos cockatoo: cockatoos kangaroo: kangaroos zoo: zoos Words ending in um, plural -a or -ums addendum: addenda or addendums agendum: agenda or agendums (agenda is almost invariably used in place of the singular form, and agendums is rare) aquarium: aquariums or aquaria atrium: atria or atriums bacterium: bacteria candelabrum: candelabra or candelabrums corrigendum: corrigenda curriculum: curricula or curriculums datum: data or datums (data is often used as a mass noun, taking a singular verb and being substituted by a singular pronoun) erratum: errata gymnasium: gymnasiums or gymnasia maximum: maxima or maximums medium: mediums or media (media is the correct alternative to refer to forms of expression or information or in biological contexts) memorandum: memorandums or memoranda millennium: millennia or millenniums minimum: minima or minimums moratorium: moratoriums or moratoria podium: podiums or podia referendum: referenda or referendums spectrum: spectra or spectrums stratum: strata symposium: symposiums or symposia Words ending in us, plural -uses or -i alumnus/alumna: alumni or alumnae (alumnus refers to a man and alumna to a woman, alumni pertains to men or to men and women and alumnae to women; alumni is often employed in the singular, and alum/alums are used informally as gender-neutral singular and plural forms) bacillus: bacilli cactus: cacti or cactuses focus: foci or focuses fungus: fungi or funguses hippopotamus: hippopotamuses or hippopotami locus: loci narcissus: narcissi or narcissuses or narcissus platypus: platypuses or platypi radius: radii or radiuses stimulus: stimuli syllabus: syllabi or syllabuses terminus: termini or terminuses Words ending in on, plural -a or -ons automaton: automotons or automata phenomenon: phenomena or phenomenons Assorted cherub: cherubim or cherubs (the former alternative applies to angels and the latter pertains to depictions of winged children or to cherubic-looking people) rhinoceros: rhinoceroses or rhinoceros or rhinoceri seraph: seraphim or seraphs Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 50 Synonyms for "Assistant"Wood vs. Wooden

Remedies and Restitution Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Remedies and Restitution Assignment - Essay Example In reviewing the tort of negligence and the alleged prevalence of the â€Å"blame culture†, it is important at the outset to consider the theoretical justification for fault based liability in tort, which has arguably extended the concepts of duty of care, which in turn has fuelled a blame culture. To this end Hassan El Menyawi propounds that such an evaluation is essential to a meaningful comparison of the arguments for and against a no fault scheme in the tort of negligence: â€Å"On a formalist account, a theory of justification stands for the idea that law is not merely a huge collection of separate and disparate norms, but a cohesive social arrangement, which is describable in the form of one or more several moral values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We adopt this methodology and account for tort law by exploring a variety of distinct justifications3†. This concept of â€Å"moral values† underpins the current fault based liability for negligence in the framework of a system of â€Å"corrective justice†. The fundamental difference between the corrective system and the no fault system of distributive justice relates to the legal approach to the structure of interactions. For example, corrective justice centres on the â€Å"transaction4† between two parties, whereas distributive justice is rooted in a distribution whereby compensation is awarded to members of a group. As such, Weinreb5 comments that: â€Å"To take a modern example, the legal regime of personal injuries can be organised either correctively or distributively. Correctively, my striking you is a tort committed by me against you, and my payment to you of damages will restore the equality disturbed by my wrong. Distributively, the same incident activates a compensation scheme that shifts resources among members of a pool of contributors and recipients in accordance with the distributive

Managing with Integrity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing with Integrity - Research Paper Example Steward mangers identify with high moral developments, unlike agents. Consequently, they not only disregard their personal interest, but also forego interest of their organizations to meet people’s needs. They therefore promote welfare of employees and the entire society (Martynov, 2009). This approach to decision making mirrors the concepts of a servant leader in variety of ways that include â€Å"motives and intentions,† â€Å"means and methods,† and â€Å"ends and outcomes† (SanFacon and Spears, 2008, p. 9). The servant leader for example has a self-motivated and automatic desire to serve others and this mirrors the steward-manager’s moral obligation to meet the society’s needs. The drive in a servant leader to develop potentials for rendering services is also similar to the steward-manager’s desire to meet his moral obligations to the society. Similarly, the steward manager’s disregard of organizational interest to focus on the society’s well being is similar to the servant leadership concept that organizations should benefit people instead of exploiting them. A steward manager and the concept of servant leadership also share similar objectives (SanFacon and Spears, 2008; Martynov, 2009). A steward manager would be successful in the global business world because of two factors, the ability to interact with and manage diversity through critical thinking and the moral drive to meet social expectations. While the moral manager is different from the agent manager, morality does not negate managerial skills. The steward manager is therefore able to interact with people in different cultural and ideological frameworks to achieve his or her desired objectives. The gained morality of the manager also facilitates interaction with other members of the society who will be able to identify and respond to the manager’s good social

The Importance of Being Earnest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Being Earnest - Essay Example One of his most famous plays titled ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ is the play chosen to be discussed in this essay. Thesis and Hook There is a funny side to life that brings out the child in each one of us and what better way to do this than with the use of satire? Playwright Oscar Wilde, in his scintillating masterpiece, shows mastery in making use of satire to shed light on Victorian values by weaving the paradoxes in a most hilarious way. The play titled ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ is packed with wit and humor while portraying mistaken identities to enthrall his audiences who can easily identify with its characters, while relating to such incidents in their day to day lives. Considered to be Oscar Wilde’s most perfect work ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ is a play wherein the witty comedy of manners has been brilliantly plotted from its opening effervescent act to its hilarious denouement. In this play, the late Victorian v alues are hilariously presented and comically critiqued by the playwright. This play is regarded as a masterpiece in the genre of comedy. It is a showcase of the mastery that Wilde had in so far as satire is concerned. The play is filled with parallelism, paradoxes, and understatements. In passing his comments on Victorian society Wilde states –â€Å"London society is full of women of the very highest birth who have, of their own free choice, remained thirty-five for years." (Oscar Wilde, Act 3) Some of English literature’s most famous epigrams can be found in this play. In fact, the play is a celebration of the language itself. However, there is a rejection of serious discourse and the device of the epigram is used as a potent tool to entertain the reader. The play deals with mistaken identities and even after a century, it continues to enthrall audiences the world over. The brilliance of his wit and humor seem current even after a passage of a hundred years and his writing seems evergreen even in these contemporary times. Wilde deals with the institution of marriage and class that are deftly subverted through the guise of farce. Greed and hypocrisy lurking under Victorian politeness are exposed in the play. The moral decay that is portrayed is well illustrated by each of the aristocrats in the play. Even though they seemingly obey propriety, Jack, Algernon, Gwendolen, Cecily and Lady Bracknell, all deceive and lie to do so. Wilde reveals the undercurrent of politics involved in a Victorian marriage. This point is clearly evident in the betrothals of Jack with Gwendolen and Algernon with Cecily which are accepted only after their social standing and fortunes are openly revealed. However, When Lady Bracknell found that her daughter Gwendolen wished to marry a person who was not a blue blood, she was loath to accept the union of the couple. In Victorian society, it was politics that was considered more important than love because it was politics alone that drove the marriage market. The playwright has elevated to a high art in the form of a pun. The wordplay on â€Å"earnest† pervades throughout the play. The meaning of the word â€Å"earnest† in the context of this play is toyed with and played upon as we witness the same as the plot evolves. The primary theme of the plot revolves around the efforts of Jack and Algernon to be earnest by deceiving and lying.

Functions and roles in housekeeping

Functions and roles in housekeeping CHAPTER 1 – HOUSEKEEPING (INTRODUCTION) 1-1: An unfortunate truth- It is unfortunately true that housekeeping department being the largest department is the least admired and appreciated department in a hotel, which is maybe because of its ‘back of the house’ identity, its limited contact with guests and its only job of cleaning and maintaining the hotel. Housekeepers are the unsung heroes of the hotel. But today housekeeping department is no more a back of the house department, rather it is an important and integral department in a hotel. In accordance with the modernization and advancement in technology, housekeeping department has changed itself in a better way according to the present day scenario in the hotel industry. 1-2: What does Housekeeping department ensure? An effective and efficient housekeeping department essentially ensures the cleanliness, secures the safeguard, maintains an aesthetic upkeep in the hotel and deals with all the ancillary services provided by the hotel. The functions performed by hotel housekeeping department determines all the day to day operations of the hotel. Its main significance is to ensure cleanliness, comfort and safeguard in the hotel and to professionally upkeep a higher level of quality service at all times. In today’s tough and competitive scenario, maintaining exquisiteness in the hotel is hard and satisfying guest with that exquisiteness is even harder. 1-3: Changes in the job of Housekeeping department- In past times, the job of Housekeeping department was limited to the only responsibility of ensuring cleanliness and maintenance of the hotel on a timely basis, but today various and enormous changes have been made to the job of Housekeeping department ranging from the dealing with diverse cleaning chemicals, managing ‘lost and found’ and avoiding theft in the hotel. CHAPTER 2 – HOUSEKEEPING MANAGERS AND HOUSEKEEPING 2-1: Latest trends going on in Housekeeping- As the hotel industry is focusing more on recycling inventory, waste composition and environment conservation, housekeeping department needs to make some habitual changes and in order to meet the primary challenges it necessarily needs to follow the latest trends going on in the hotel industry, some of which are given down below: 2-1-1: Recycling and utilizing inventory Using old linens as towels and aprons, purchasing cleaning and guest supplies in bulk to save money, exchanging old furniture and equipment’s with scrap dealer for money or donating them to institutions or charities are some of the emerging inventory trends going on in hotel housekeeping scenario. 2-1-2: Technology savvy – Nowadays hotels are largely depended upon the use of technology to save time, bring personalization in service and ensure quality service. The use of i-pads and i-pad minis in in-room service as an e-butler which allows the guest to access the options like remote control lighting and door locking system, entertainment services like music and camera and other options. This use of technology also helps the hotel to work efficiently in day to day jobs as it enables the optimal utilization of time at one click. 2-1-3: Housekeeping software Hotel housekeeping software is a web based system that helps to cut the cost, save the time and reduce the human effort for efficient and effective management of housekeeping jobs. It enables the hotel management system to link with all the departments through web, it makes online reservations and booking features in order for hotel to increase the occupancy, it keeps the expense and usage records of the inventory and generates the reports within seconds.2-1-4: Eco-friendly practices – Hotel industry is increasingly focusing towards environmental awareness, becoming eco-friendly and moving towards reliable tourism. Hotel housekeepers emphasize eco-friendly policies in their daily briefings, creatively use local crafts in guestroom amenities and turn down services to promote and profit local trade, ensure that all the guestroom amenities are eco-friendly and no plastic and chemicals are used, encourage guests to participate in linen and towel re-us e programs. 2-2: General challenges and problems in Housekeeping- Some of the general challenges and problems faced by Housekeeping managers includes managing back to back situations, mismanagement of jobs, pest controlling, cleaning linen and towels and laundry, replenishing guestroom amenities and bathroom toiletries, bed making challenges, seasonal challenges, dealing with cleaning chemicals and equipment’s, security of guest’s belongings, etc., some of which are detailed down below: 2-2-1: Pest Controlling – The challenge of Housekeeping managers in pest controlling service is to deal with different kind of pests such as mosquitoes, cockroaches, insects and flies, lizards and rats. Save the hotel building from birds and their doing feces is also a difficult task. Housekeeping managers should coordinate with pest control vendor to ensure measures taken regarding all the pest control tasks and treatments such as timely spraying, fogging, fumigation, gel treatment, keeping gum boards for lizards and rats, using lemon grass oil spread to resist mosquitoes, birds gel and spikes and netting to resist the hotel building from birds. 2-2-2: Seasonal Challenges – Housekeeping managers encounter cleaning challenges mostly during rainy season. Cleanliness and maintenance of guest areas during rainy season becomes challenging because rainwater as flows down in guest areas along with soil leads to the algae growth and other issues in guest areas. Rainy season can also cause infestation in the hotel premises as it brings insects and flies along with it, so Housekeeping managers should ensure that there is no water logging and there is no possibility of insect infestation throughout the hotel premises. Keeping foot prints off the floor during rainy season is also a difficult challenge for housekeeping managers. 2-2-3: Security of guest’s belongings – There is always a certain extent of fear in guest’s mind when leaving their valuable items in hotel’s room. As this is a genuine fear of items getting lost or stolen. Housekeeping managers should always take some serious measures regarding guest’s valuables. Housekeeping managers need to create and circulate some strict rules to safeguard the guest’s valuable items being lost or stolen by the housekeepers. Nothing other than missing of guest’s valuables weakens the guest’s trust. CHAPTER 3 – LINEN CHALLENGES IN REGARD TO CURRENT TRENDS 3-1: Change in linen trends – There has been a scenario in hotel industry a few years ago wherein every hotel housekeeping used to repeat the same linens every year. This scenario was same for both bed and bath linens as well. Every guest could probably find the same white, plain and striped linens and same plain terry towels across every hotel they would visit. Despite this scenario has been changed as the trends has been changed as well. Previously, hotel housekeeping used to have a maximum thread count of 400 but presently it has been lengthened to 1500 which ranges from 550 GSM to 700 GSM. Whereas, previously linens were made from 100% cotton but presently hotel housekeeping use linen made from the mixture of cotton and polyester and sometimes even 100% polyester made linen is also used. Mixing polyester and several other fabrics like organic cotton, Egyptian cotton, microfiber, nylon, etc., in linen increases the strength and durability of linen. Housekeeping managers of many hotels even provide their guest with a linen menu which consists of a choice of pillows ranging from microfiber, cervical, soya, horse hair, memory foam, bamboo pillows and even a pillow concierge for assistance to ensure guests a happy sleep. Housekeeping managers of many hotels are adopting the technique of RFID or Radio Frequency Identification that acts as a linen management system which enables the housekeeping managers to tackle the challenges and problems faced by them regarding the management of the linen and linen related issues. Another upcoming trend in hotel housekeeping is the use linens made from organic products like bamboo, coir, jute, paper, wool, etc., and the use of linens which take less time in drying. Ranging from energy saver lighting and water saver bathroom amenities to eco-friendly linens, hotel housekeeping are adopting various techniques to cut linen cost and long term operational cost to initiate more efficient and effective practices. 3-2: Linen challenges and problems The use of RFID technique by the hotel housekeeping for linen management like linen inventory control, linen purchase, etc., cannot be adopted by many hotels because it is a costly system that requires a high cost involvement. The adaptation of energy efficient, environment friendly and organic products like eco-friendly linen, eco-friendly chemicals such as Eco booster, Eco soft, Eco tide, etc., by the hotel housekeeping is also reducing because it also requires a high cost involvement. Cross contamination of clean linens is one of the major challenge faced by housekeeping managers. They face major problems in keeping clean linens fresh and keeping them away from dirty and contaminated linens. Selecting appropriate and proper materials from which the linens are made up of is also a major challenge faced by housekeeping managers. They face major problem when selecting the materials like cotton, polyester, microfiber, nylon, wool, etc. Linen is mostly damaged due to excess of chemicals during washing and excess of heat during drying. Regulating chemicals during washing linens and reducing heat during drying, can increase the life of linen. Increasing the life of linen for budgeting costs and managing linen inventory is an adequate and crucial factor in hotel housekeeping. Changing and replacement of linen can be a costly operation. CHAPTER 4 – LAUNDRY CHALLENGES IN REGARD TO CURRENT TRENDS 4-1: Current laundry trends – Housekeeping managers are adopting RFID or Radio Frequency Identification technique for laundry management as it oversees it by increasing productivity, preventing loss during linen exchange, budgeting costs, tracking and recording laundry activities, monitoring laundry functions, reducing labor costs and lowering operating expenses. Housekeeping managers are adopting Ozone laundry system to reduce costs and implement environment efficient practices. The major advantage of Ozone laundry system is that it has an on premise installation and does not disrupt any other housekeeping operations. Ozone laundry system evaluates hotel laundry operations and enables the housekeeping managers for cost and energy savings. Housekeeping managers are adopting the use of special detergents with color protection technology formulated to keep dark fabric dark and the original color retained, use of bleach pens for effective upkeep of fabrics with a fine point applier technology, use of fabric softeners and whiteners, spa like treatment with laundry detergents that care fabrics with aromatic therapeutic scents and wrinkle free sprays that softens and crisps the fabric without using an iron. Housekeeping managers are adopting waterless laundry system with polymer bead technology which provides a solution to the problem of water, detergent and electricity usage and wastage. This system replaces 80% of water, uses 50% less detergent and electricity in contrast to the traditional used methods. This technology has outperformed the traditional laundry methods with today’s laundry methods used by the hotels. Another trend followed by housekeeping managers is the transformation of in-house laundry operations into polymer bead laundry system which helps to cut laundry operational costs by 50% and enables efficiency in usage of water, detergent and electricity. This technology allows the tough stains on linen to remove and linen gets cleaned in betterment for extending the life of linen, so as to provide the guests with cleaner linens and keep the linen inventory in use for a long time. 4-2: Laundry challenges and problems – A challenge faced by housekeeping managers is to wash anything and everything ranging from shoes, microfiber cloths, garments and mop heads. Washing all the laundry fabrics all together causes problems, damages the fabrics and even the machines. But at the same time, it can be expensive and excessive to wash them separately or wash them by hands. In hotels, the stains of coffee, tea and chocolates can be washed, but washing the stains of blood and some permanent stains is a challenge for housekeeping managers. Nothing can be resolved other than discarding the linens with such stains, and replacing them can involve high cost. A major challenge faced by housekeeping managers is that the removal of stains from fabrics takes time and needs patience, that housekeeping managers during laundry operations don’t have. The challenge housekeeping manager’s face is to identify and treat the stain based on the type of stain it is. Is it an oil based stain, an organic stain or a nonorganic water based stain. Another challenge which housekeeping managers face is the smelly and dirty washing machines. After washing hundreds or thousands of fabrics in laundry in a week, washing machines needs to be washed once in a week too. Housekeeping managers face a major challenge of labor intensiveness, which is the most expensive component in laundry operations. It is a cost factor which requires a high cost of involvement. The challenge is to cut labor costs by utilizing the laundry standards with efficiency and effectiveness. CHAPTER 5 – GUEST SUPPLIES CHALLENGES IN REGARD TO CURRENT TRENDS 5-1: Change in guest supplies trends – Other than providing friendly and personalized services, what interests and fantasizes the guests are the in-room guest supplies and amenities. Ranging from grooming products to cosmetic products or techno savvy products, in-room hotel guest supplies or amenities have been advanced as hotels all over the world are accepting and appreciating the latest guest’s trends. The standard old trends in hotel guest supplies of keeping a chocolate on the pillow or other food amenities during turn down service, offering a welcome drink on check-in and providing complimentary Wi-Fi, no longer interests the guests now. In the world of high-end guests who expect high-end amenities look for extravagant facilities and services. The new trends in in–room guest supplies that are emerging in hotel nowadays is providing whole minibar as complimentary amenity and offering the guests an amenity menu to choose the amenity of their choice. The standard hotel bathroom with tiled floors and shower curtains no longer fantasize the guests now. Guests of today want the bathroom trending such as distinctive faucets and sinks, extravagant lighting systems, illuminated mirrors, glass paneled doors, which boosts the bathroom design. Housekeeping managers have understood the change in trends of guest supplies and are shifting towards providing exclusive branded amenities to their guests. Accor’s luxury hotel segment Sofitel provides its guests an elegant refinement of products from exquisite brands such as Hermes, Lanvin, Cinq Mondes and Carita. 5-2: Guest supplies challenges and problems – The major challenge faced by housekeeping managers in guest supplies is the cost-factor. Housekeeping managers face a cost-cutting problem which diversely affects the quality and quantity of the guest supplies and amenities provided to the guests. Another challenge faced by housekeeping managers is the keeping minibar stocked or re-stocking of minibar amenities. Guests often complaint about the inflated price of the minibar amenities. So it is also a major challenge for the housekeeping managers. The challenge which housekeeping managers face regarding minibar guest supplies is to use costly branded products and make it a complimentary amenity. Instead they can use local or less expensive products in minibar and make it complimentary. Wi-Fi has been a standard amenity in the hotel guest’s supplies. Housekeeping managers regarding hotel Wi-Fi face cellular challenges of weak signal strength and network capacity issue. Customizing and personalizing hotel guests supplies according to the specific preferences and demands of the guests and providing the best of quality services and facilities in guest’s supplies is another major challenge faced by housekeeping managers. CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSION 6-1: Critical Analysis – All the hotels around the world are pursuing to look for efficient and effective ways of meeting the needs and demands of the guests and providing the best of quality services, in which hotel housekeeping department plays a vital and crucial role. Hotel housekeeping department ensures to provide an all new element in the luxury to guests and guestrooms in the terms of linens, laundry, guest supplies and other ancillary amenities. The emerging trends of linens, laundry and guests supplies in hotel scenario directly collide with challenges faced by the housekeeping managers regarding these three aspects. Changes in linen operations due to cost and other factors such as using single bed sheets instead of two bed sheets, mixing polyester and several other fabric materials with cotton to make linens, are some of the changes that are taking place. Laundry operations where new washing techniques such as steam laundry, waterless laundry and ozone laundry are taking place because water is a perishable resource and need to be saved and for more environment efficient techniques. In today’s hotel scenario of high-end guests who expect high-end amenities and look for extravagant facilities and services, demand for more due to the rise in their disposable income. And by providing exquisite guest supplies hotels can rise up to the expectation mark of the guests. In the end I’d like to conclude that the housekeeping department is an important and initial part of the hotel which is not going to change anytime soon or later. Anchit Garg 1477555Page 1

The Effectiveness of Weblogs in the Classroom Essay -- Education Teachi

The Effectiveness of Weblogs in the Classroom The internet has proven that it can be a very reasonable and valuable tool for research and communication within the classroom setting. Over the past decade, it has redeveloped the way students retrieve and use information, claims Richardson (2004). Richardson continues that until now it was not very clear if the internet provided students with anything more than a vast tool for research. One application that has altered this perception is the â€Å"weblog.† The introduction of weblogs within school systems has really made a profound impact on the way children learn. According to Richardson (2004), â€Å"Weblogs are redefining the way students and teachers use the internet, turning them from mere readers into writers.†(p.1) Although educators have been slow in adopting weblogs into the classroom, they seem to be quite affective alternatives to traditional education. According to Wikipedia (2005), a weblog can be defined as â€Å"a web application which contains periodic time-stamped posts on a common webpage. These posts are often but not necessarily in reverse chronological order. Such a website would typically be accessible to any internet user. ‘Weblog’ is a portmanteau of ‘web’ and ‘log† (Wikipedia, 2005). Wikipedia (2005) states that the name for this application was created in 1997 by John Barger. During the late 90's the phenomenon of weblogs just started to become ever so popular. Most people used them for personal journal writing, but by 2004 the use of weblogs became mainstream (Wikipedia, 2005). It was estimated that in the fall of 2003 that over 4 million users subscribed and created weblogs over a 6 month period of time, claims Richardson (2004). ... ..., 2005 at http://www.infotoday.com/MMSchools/jan04/richardson.shtml Richardson, W. (2005, April 10). Weblogg-ed: The Read/Write Web in the Classroom. Retrieved April 11, 2005, from http://www.weblog-ed.com/ Selingo, J. (2004, August 19). In the Classroom Weblogs are a Bulletin Board [Electronic Version]. New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2005, from http://www.nytimes.com /2004/08/19/technology/circuits/19blog.html?ex=1250568000&en=33627811ca310596&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland Stach, Michael (2004, April 1) Introduction to Blogs and Blogging. Retrieved on April 11, 2005 from http://www.techlearning.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=18400984 Trimarco, R. (2004). Use of Blogs in online College Classes. In B. Hoffman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Technology. Retrieved April 11, 2005, from http://coe.sdsu.edu/eet/ articles/blogonlineclass/index.htm

Business Communication for Success Essay

Language. Language for business documents is important because you have to make sure the language used in it is up to the standards that it should be and therefore make sure it shows the formality of the document subject. For example, sending a letter out that comes across casual or has abbreviations/ jargon then it may not be perceived as being professional or important. This is why it’s important to consider the language you use in business documents to come across professional and formal with your language. Tone. It is important to consider your tone. This is because the tone you use when writing business documents becomes the subject of the message and therefore the way you present yourself needs to be considered. Your tone is essentially your attitude that is being put across. It’s just as important to use the right tone in written as it is when verbally speaking as they both have an equal effect on the other participant. Thus meaning, depending on the situation, depends on how you should adjust how you’re coming across. For example, you need to know when to show confidence/assertion or when to be apologetic as well as conversational, to some extent, whilst still maintaining some sort of professionalism that you need to. Image. In business documents, the most important image is the company logo. By sending documents out with the company logo on it allows people to not only recognize the company by the name but also allows the image of the company to become recognizable. Presentation. When documents are presented correctly and formally it allows people to know that we are a professional, legitimate business and that everything is taken seriously. Like before, when speaking about the image and the company logo, it is important that the logo is presented properly and clearly. For example, making sure that it is clear and not pixelated and that the logo is also to the right size and hasn’t been stretched out. When integrating an image into a document, it can easily be done in Microsoft Office Word as it enables you to insert any sort of pictures or graphs etc. To do this you just go to word and click â€Å"insert† and then it should give you the option of inserting a picture. You then browse your files and find where you want to get the picture from and then insert it. Corporate identity is how a business/ organization is recognized by, not only the customers but also the employees and other businesses. For example, their company logo or the colors that they primarily use. This is what people associate the company with. This means that when companies send out emails, letters, posters etc, they become noticeable by the logos etc that are being put on them. By this happening means that the business becomes well branded. This will then hopefully result in the company becoming widely recognized and growth of the business. Corporate identity is important on documents in order for this to happen. If business documents didn’t have things such as their logo or their business colors on then people wouldn’t make any sort of connections as there’s nothing associating the letter with the business. Data protection. Data protection is designed in order to have legal control over both work and personal documents (whether they be computer documents or paper). It was made so that when storing personal information about people such as addresses, medical conditions and so on, it gave the people legal rights if anything went wrong or information was misused. This means that when handling clients documents, we have to make sure to keep any information obtained secure and private and make sure not to discuss it with, or in front of, any external people. Copyright. Copyright is the ownership and rights of your own work. Businesses have to make sure their work isn’t copyrighted in order to stop other companies stealing their ideas without their permission; so fundamentally just acts as a safeguard to their original work. Things such as trademarks are put in place to stop this from happening. Intellectual property. Intellectual property is essentially inventions created by ones self-such as name, images/ logos etc. Like copyright, intellectual property is also protected by things such as patents, copyright, and trademarks. This is put in place to stop any business documents produced by the company being used and branded by other businesses and therefore means that your business ideas can flourish and stay protected. Version control is the management of different files and documents. The management allows you to control the source and changes that are made to it. It then furthers to show you who made the changes and why they did so. When files are saved, you can tell which ones were the first/second draft and which one is the final by the way that it’s saved. It is usually saved with both the date and the draft number. For example, 04122017V2. â€Å"V2 standing for version 2†. When handling documents in a business, the majority of the time it contains personal information that shouldn’t be seen by anyone other than those that work there. If documents somehow got out or were mishandled, it’d be a breach of the data protection act. To stop this from happening certain security procedures are put into place. For example, client documents have to be stored out of reach and sight of any other clients or external people. It should be dealt with integrity and only be handled by those who are authorized to do so.

Smoking in pregnancy The WritePass Journal

Smoking in pregnancy Introduction Smoking in pregnancy IntroductionScenarioThe public health issue from the case studyCostImpact of smoking in pregnancyHealth promotion modelsThe woman’s needs and midwifery care involvedThe role of midwife in public health and health promotionConclusionRelated Introduction The purpose of this essay is to identify a public health issue with a woman I cared for in practice.   Using a health promotion model to critically analyse the woman’s needs and outline the midwifery care given to address the issue.   Discussing health promotion, theories influencing midwife practice and the role of the midwife in public health and health promotion.   For the purpose of maintaining confidentiality in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) the code: standards of conduct performance and ethics for nurses and midwives (NMC 2008), the pseudonym Miss will be used to refer to my client.   Different source of literature will be used to support my discussion throughout the essay. Scenario Miss Yardley, a young woman of white British origin, twenty one year old primipara, eleven weeks plus four days gestation according to her last menstrual period. She attended the maternity booking clinic with her long term partner for history taking.   She lived with her partner in a private accommodation though recently both she and her partner had moved in with her mother who lives in a council rented apartment, as they could no longer afford payment for their flat.   She was unemployed due to a recent redundancy from the company she had worked in since leaving secondary school aged sixteen.   Her partner is employed but on a low paid salary as a call centre operator.   On several occasions she had searched for new employment with no success.   She expressed not to have any medical or obstetric problems.   Miss Yardley expressed that she used to drink alcohol only on social occasions but stopped when she became aware of the pregnancy.   She willing expressed when aske d regarding smoking that she smoked up to fifteen cigarettes a day or more depending on how she was feeling emotionally.   She tried quitting on one occasion though due to overwhelming personal issues at the time was unable to give up smoking.   Her partner never smoked but her mother smoked up to ten cigarettes a day.   She expressed willingness to quit smoking but felt worried that she may not be able to completely give up as she tends to be drawn to smoke more when stressed and now that she is unemployed there is more time available for her to smoke. The public health issue from the case study The importance of smoking as a public health issue has been identified in various key policies and strategy papers.   The government white paper on tobacco 1998: smoking kills targets pregnant women as a priority group requiring intervention.   According to the Department of Health (a smoke free future) ‘smoking remains one of few modifiable risk factor in pregnancy’ (DH, 2010, p.22), it states that smoking rates are highest in routine and manual groups, lower socioeconomic groups and certain minority and vulnerable groups. In the mid 1950 smoking levels between socioeconomic groups were similar, however since the 1960 onwards the more advantaged socioeconomic group acted in response to increasing evidence about the harmful effects of tobacco use (DH 2011).   Figure 8 (in appendix) in the strategy shows correlation between the prevalence of smoking and net income.   Therefore reducing smoking rates in these groups of people has been identified as a critical facto r in reducing health inequalities. The good practice guide 3 (Public health agency 2010) also indicates a clear link between smoking in pregnancy and social disadvantage, it states evidence indicates while women know that tobacco use is damaging   their health, for many smoking is a means of coping with poverty, disadvantage and lack of control over aspects of life.   In contribution to social disadvantage, the highest prevalence of smoking is noted in the 20-34 age group (Office for National Statistics (ONS), 2006).The most recent white paper Healthy lives, healthy people (DH 2011) sets to reduce national rates in smoking amongst pregnant women to 11 percent from the current 2009/10 rate of 14 percent.   It states that tobacco smoking remains one of the most significant public health challenges in England. Cost Smoking has remained prominent in public health globally and it continues to be a major factor for health inequalities in the UK. The world health organisation (WHO), 2011) states over the cause of the 21th century, tobacco use could kill a billion people or more unless urgent action is taken.   The need for support identified in various literature and government strategy to enable pregnant women to maintain healthy lifestyles during and after pregnancy has impacted in my decision to identify smoking as a public health need for my client. Impact of smoking in pregnancy Maternal smoking is not only harmful during pregnancy but has a long term effects on the baby after birth, 4000 chemicals of which some are marked irritant properties and some 60 are known or suspected to be carcinogenic can be found in tobacco smoke (WHO, 2004).   Some of the risk associated with smoking during pregnancy includes intrauterine growth restriction, placenta previa, and abruptio placentae (Vanderhoeven and Tolosa 2010).   Poor outcomes such as preterm rupture of membranes, low birth weight and perinatal mortality have been highlighted (Vanderhoeven et al, 2010). Lagan and Casson 2010, indicates smoking to be associated with increased risk of miscarriage, respiratory problems for the child and sudden infant death (SID).   Research carried out by University College London (UCL) concluded that babies born to women who smoke are at increased risk of having certain birth defects such as missing or deformed limbs, clubfoot, gastrointestinal, skull and eye defects and cl eft lip or palate (Campbell 2011).   Babies born of mothers who smoke have frequent respiratory problems at birth and in their first year, they are at risk of developing asthma and a higher rate of stillbirth is noted (Viccars, 2009). Miss Yardley smokes 15 or more cigarettes a day and her mother is also identified as a smoker, this puts the unborn baby at risk of effects due to direct smoking and passive smoking.   Mitchell et al (citied in Viccars, 2009) states that babies of women who smoke 15 cigarettes a day have 15 times greater risk of dying from SID compared to babies of non-smokers.     Further research showed a link between smoking during pregnancy and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in children whose mother’s smoked whilst pregnant.   It concluded that they had 10-15 percent risk of experiencing heart disease compared to children with non smoking mothers (Health express, 2011). From the discussion above it is evident the issue of smoking would need to be addressed at each opportunity with Miss Yardley when providing care and advice. This would enable screening and monitoring of smoking status, education on the effects of smoking to the outcome of her pregnancy and adequate support to ensure effects to pregnancy and the general health of mother and baby is eradicated or minimised. Health promotion models WHO defines health promotion a process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve, their health.   It implies that the ideology moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions. Naidoo and Wills (2010), states ‘health promotion is based on theories about what influences people’s health and what are effective interventions or strategies to improve health.   There are five different approaches to health promotion, medical, behaviour change, educational, client approach and societal change approach (Scriven 2010).   Different health promotion models have been developed to enable a planned intervention to improve health. Tannahill model (Downie et al 1996 citied in Naidoo and Wills 2009), addresses health promotion over three overlapping spheres of activity, preventive education, prevention and health protection. The model suggest that all approach interlink, in practice this could be difficult to implement and due to the overlapping of spheres, focus on what needs to be achieved could be confused.   The prevention sphere of the model relies mainly on the medical approach , Barnes (2009) suggest that medical approach could be perceived as a top down approach and that when providing health promotion intervention client involvement is necessary to help maintain individual focus (client centred care). In comparison, the Tones model which is an empowerment model sets to enable people to gain control over their own health (citied in Naidoo and Wills, 2009). ‘Tones consider education to be the key in empowering both lay and professional people’ (Naidoo et al 2009).     The empowerment approach relies on educating client and the information conveyed would be highly medicalised to show importance of the issue.   In relation to Miss Yardley who has tried but failed to quit smoking, empowering her through the use of education to convey the risk of smoking though unavoidable as a health professional, could have a counter active effect. Dunkley (2000), states that the aim of mass campaign is to raise awareness, however it may increase feeling of guilt and stress which may be relieved by the aid of another cigarette. Therefore the effectiveness of this model’s approach for my client is questioned. Tones and Tannahill model both mainly makes use of the medical and educational approach, this makes it difficult to address socioeconomic factors that have documented risk with smoking.   As my clients issue is related to smoking and there is a socioeconomic factor present, it would be inapplicable to use these models of health promotion. During the booking appointment, Miss Yardley willing expressed to have tried quitting with no success and that she would like to quit though factors such as not having a job contributed to her smoking.   ‘Nicotine addiction is identified as a major factor for women continuing to smoke during pregnancy’ (Lagan et al 2010).   There is a link between stress and the use of tobacco as a relieve method. Gorman (2008) states ‘that smoking represents a significant challenge for pregnant women, as it compounds the stress of pregnancy and may be further complicated by additional factors such as disadvantage’.   McCurry et al 2002 (citied in Lagan et al 2010) also indicates smoking to be a mechanism of coping with disadvantage, stress and perceived lack of control over life.   According to Earp and Ennett (1991) an ecological perspective implies that behaviour results from interaction of both individual and environmental factors (Citied in Lagan et al, 2010).   Various literatures have made use of behaviour model when planning intervention for smoking. Prochaska and DiClemente’s trans-theoretical model (Naidoo et al, 2009); will be used to manage the care of Miss Yardley.   The model describes the process of change; it is derived from their work on encouraging change in additive behaviours (Naidoo el at, 2009).   This model is applicable to my client has it addresses her behaviour which is the main attribute in smoking and enables a woman centred approach. Woman centred care is expressed as choice, control and continuity of care in the Changing Childbirth report (DH, 1993 cities in Leap 2009).   Ã‚  Behavioural change approach enables the use of communication and counselling, empowerment, decision making, fostering community groups and social support networks (Dunkley 2000).   The process of change includes precontemplation, contemplation, preparing to change, making change and maintenance. The woman’s needs and midwifery care involved All care given was in accordance with the National institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE, 2010): public health guidance 26. Precontemplation: in this stage change to lifestyle has not been considered.   Miss Yardley has progressed from this stage has she identified willingness to try quitting.   This shows the limitation of the model when used with an individual who is thinking of changing. Contemplation: the individual is thinking about change. The client’s willingness indicated readiness for change, adequate information was giving during the booking appointment through leaflets and other forms of resources.   Due to the step by step structure of the model, it was easy to identify the stage of change. Preparing to change: Miss Yardley has read all the information given and had taken up the referral.   Though she continued to smoke but expressed to have cut down to 10 cigarettes a day.   This shows the effectiveness of the model, though she is not at the point of change the use of counselling and information regarding risk has empowered some form of change. Making the change: a date was choose.   She had cut down from 10 to about 8 a day depending on her moods; she maintained her appointment with the specialist. Maintenance: there is a possibility of relapse at this stage as change is not a smooth process (Naidoo et al, 2009). In Miss Yardley’s case change would have to be assessed through to the postnatal period, in order to determine adequate health improvement.   Ã‚  According to At booking, Miss Yardley’s pregnancy was considered low risk, which meant that her care was given mainly in the community.   Her exposure to smoking was identified through discussion.   Carbon monoxide test was not carried out as it is unavailable in the located hospital.   Information regarding the risk of smoking in pregnancy to her and the unborn child was explained and information leaflets and contact numbers to relevant smoking services given.   Passive smoking was addressed and the effects pointed out.   The benefits of stopping smoking to her health and that of the pregnancy outcome were highlighted, financial benefit was also explained.   The need to quit, rather than cut down was explained.     Ã‚  Informed consent was given and referral made to the community smoking cessation midwife.   Encouragement and praise was given at this stage.   As she identified her mother to be a smoker, information on how to reduce passive smoking was explained and rel evant stop smoking service contact were given to help her mother.   The pregnancy book by the Department of Health was given for general education on pregnancy and the section on rights and benefits was highlighted to help with benefits as she was unemployed.   Care given was accurately recorded in accordance with NMC code (2008) to enable continuity of care. At 28 weeks plus four days, she was seen for a routine follow up antenatal appointment with the midwife. She expressed to be well, no concerns regarding fetal movement noted, no abnormalities detected with other routine examination such as symphysis fundal height measure.   The appointment was used as an opportunity to assess her exposure to smoke, and to identify whether smoking cessation was maintained.   Benefits of quitting were further stressed and encouragement was given.   From her appointment with the smoking specialist, it was evident from documentation that improvement were being made in regards to the carbon monoxide readings as she had reduced the amount of cigarette smoked and was preparing to achieve a set date. The role of midwife in public health and health promotion Midwives have been identified as health professional responsible for identifying this target group of smokers (pregnant women).  Ã‚   Midwives have access to the life cycle of very important group of people; therefore they play a part in the government target of reducing smoking in pregnancy (Pollock 2003).   Partnership with woman is essential in achieving health promotion and maintaining government set public health targets.   According to Leap, (citied in Ebert et al, 2009), ‘midwives reported their role as facilitating choice and empowering women through partnership and effective communication’.   the midwifery partnership model of care   Communication is an important role for midwives, in health promotion it enables continuity of care through adequate documentation, verbal interaction with women enables relationship to be formed which further improves women centred care approach.   Byrd (2006) ‘states that relationship are able to persist trust and attachment developing as long as people fulfil perceived obligations of behaviour and communication’ (Ebert et al 2009).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Multidisciplinary team working to enable adequate care is provided is also a vital role of midwives in health promoting and improving public health.  Ã‚   Midwives and nurses frequently utilise holistic concept of health to underpin practice (Beldon and Crozler 2005).   Therefore when provide health promotion it is important that the women’s needs is addressed holistically in accordance with midwifery practice and not based on medical interpretation. Conclusion In conclusion, it is evident that smoking during pregnancy is an important aspect of public health and therefore an important part of midwifery practice.   In particular, health promotion in daily practice is required to prevent any further complication to mothers and their unborn babies.   Smoking is a major public health issue that continues to contribute to social and health inequalities.  Ã‚   Working with Miss Yardley enabled me to provide care tailored to her needs and goal set to quit smoking and were identified by the client.   Though I was unable to follow her care care through, I feel adequate support provided through the smoking cessation referral would enable her to maintain her set goal and improve her health and that of the unborn child.

Free Essays on Pi Number

A little known verse in the bible reads â€Å"And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other; it was round all about, and his height was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about (I Kings 7, 23).† This passage from the bible demonstrates the ancient nature of the irrational number pi. Pi in fact is mentioned in a number of verses throughout the bible. In II Chronicles 4,2, in the passage describing the building of the great temple of Solomon which was built around 950BC, pi is given as equal to three. This value is not very accurate at all and should not even be considered accurate for it’s time, however it should be noted that precision was not needed for the task that was being performed and we should let the general concept of pi that the biblical characters posses impress us. Present knowledge suggests that the concept of pi first developed in 2000 BC in two separate cultures. The Babylonians used pi at a value of 25/8 while an entirely different culture, the ancient Egyptians used pi at a value of 256/81. While the biblical calculation of pi=3 most likely came from crude measurement, there is strong reason to believe, because of the relative accuracy of the values, that the Babylonians and Egyptians found pi by means of mathematical equations. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated around 1650 BC, there is strong evidence supporting that the Egyptians used 4(8/9)2 =3.16 for their value of pi. At that point in history, and for the majority of modern history, pi was not seen as an irrational number as it is today. The next culture that investigated pi was the ancient Greeks. Starting in 434 BC Greeks were unraveling the mysteries of pi. The mathematician Anaxagoras made an unsuccessful attempt at finding pi, which he called squaring the circle and in 414 BC, 20 years after Anaxagoras failed in his attempt to square the circle, Aristophanes refers to the work of Anaxagoras in his comedy... Free Essays on Pi Number Free Essays on Pi Number A little known verse in the bible reads â€Å"And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other; it was round all about, and his height was five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about (I Kings 7, 23).† This passage from the bible demonstrates the ancient nature of the irrational number pi. Pi in fact is mentioned in a number of verses throughout the bible. In II Chronicles 4,2, in the passage describing the building of the great temple of Solomon which was built around 950BC, pi is given as equal to three. This value is not very accurate at all and should not even be considered accurate for it’s time, however it should be noted that precision was not needed for the task that was being performed and we should let the general concept of pi that the biblical characters posses impress us. Present knowledge suggests that the concept of pi first developed in 2000 BC in two separate cultures. The Babylonians used pi at a value of 25/8 while an entirely different culture, the ancient Egyptians used pi at a value of 256/81. While the biblical calculation of pi=3 most likely came from crude measurement, there is strong reason to believe, because of the relative accuracy of the values, that the Babylonians and Egyptians found pi by means of mathematical equations. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated around 1650 BC, there is strong evidence supporting that the Egyptians used 4(8/9)2 =3.16 for their value of pi. At that point in history, and for the majority of modern history, pi was not seen as an irrational number as it is today. The next culture that investigated pi was the ancient Greeks. Starting in 434 BC Greeks were unraveling the mysteries of pi. The mathematician Anaxagoras made an unsuccessful attempt at finding pi, which he called squaring the circle and in 414 BC, 20 years after Anaxagoras failed in his attempt to square the circle, Aristophanes refers to the work of Anaxagoras in his comedy...

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Speech - Essay Example The beneficial part of it is its usefulness in enabling a community to adopt good central practices and values. On the other hand, social change prevents communities from retaining and preserving important cultural values. Otherwise, social change is a significant to every society. Social change has been in the forefront of major economic, social, and religious development in the world. It diverts the perception of a people to new values that are consistent with time. People have to acknowledge that social values are dynamic. What applies to a society or generation at a particular time might not apply to a different one at a different time. Social change is significant in reinforcing new ideas into the minds of the society. The major challenge in imparting new social values is convincing individuals to believe them and divert their attention from the old values. Opportunistic countries found it difficult to start respecting human rights to abolish slave trade (Reynolds and Paul, 59). A wave of change for recognition swept the world and consequently, people were under compulsion to abolish slave trade. Today, the world enjoys human freedom and rights. Is there a need for a society to change its values? Necessity for social change is dependent on its objective and affects the society. For example, industrial revolution expanded the economic base of many communities. It availed a variety of products to the society apart from creating jobs. The illustration justifies the need for social change in the economic perspective. The same example can also illustrate the negative perspective of industrial revolution (Reynolds and Paul, 74). After economic prosperity of the world, a number of economic crimes such as corruption cropped up. Social media has spread across the world at a first rate. It is important for communication and making advertisements. However, it leads to the spread of immoral behavior. The world should learn to